¿Cómo es la voz pasiva en inglés? ¡Comprueba la construcción y mira cómo crear oraciones en voz pasiva!😄
La voz pasiva en inglés no se parece al español. En primer lugar, hace lo mismo: Permite presentar la declaración de otra persona sin citarla literalmente. Por lo tanto, es muy útil tanto en la palabra escrita como en la conversación diaria. ¿Cómo se construye la voz pasiva en inglés?
Voz pasiva – Construcción
Toda la dificultad para construir una oración de voz pasiva es causada por el llamado la secuencia de los tiempos, es decir, la necesidad de «retroceder» una vez. Lo que esto significa es que necesitamos reconocer el tiempo que se usa en el habla independiente y crear el habla independiente con el tiempo «atrasado».
El segundo punto es el verbo informador, es decir, un verbo que nos permite introducir el estilo indirecto en absoluto y, por lo tanto, se relaciona con la declaración de otra persona.
La construcción se verá así:
PERSONA + VERBO INFORMATIVO + (ESO) + PERSONA + VERBO (tiempo pasado)
¡Pasemos a los ejemplos!
Mira cómo las opiniones difieren en el estilo directo e indirecto.
- John said: “I like summertime.”
- John said that he liked summertime.
- My uncle said: „My wife is preparing breakfast at this moment”.
- My uncle said his wife was preparing breakfast at that moment.
- He said: “I like chocolate”.
- He said he liked chocolate.
- “Where did Mark go?” – asked Jane.
- Jane asked where Mark had gone..
Secuencia de tiempos en voz pasiva
De hecho, cambiar el tiempo cuando se construye la voz pasiva puede ser problemático. Necesitas tomarte el tiempo para profundizar en el tema.
Para facilitar el aprendizaje, vale la pena recordar las relaciones entre tiempos. ¿Cuál cambiamos por cuál?
- Present Simple ➜ Past Simple
„We’re Spanish” she said.
She said they were Spanish. - Present Continuous ➜ Past Continuous
Adam: “I’m reading a book.”
Adam said that he was reading a book. - Present Perfect ➜ Past Perfect
She said: „I have won 1000 PLN”.
She said that she had won 1000 PLN.
- Present Perfect Continuous ➜ Past Perfect Continuous
Charlie: “I have been living here for 10 years.”
Charlie said he had been living there for 10 years.
Pasado
- Past Simple ➜ Past Perfect
He said: „We were in the cinema yesterday”.
He said they had been in the cinema the day before. - Past Continuous ➜ Past Perfect Continuous
Avah: “I was sleeping when they left home.”
Avah said that she had been sleeping when they had left home. - Past Perfect ➜ Past Perfect
Lucy said: “I had finished school before you were born.”
Lucy said that she had finished school before I had been born.
- Past Perfect Continuous ➜ Past Perfect Continuous
Harry: “I had been reading this book for 2 months”.
Harry said he had been reading that book for 2 months.
Futuro
- Future Simple
Our Dad said: “I will buy this vacuum for us”.
Our Dad said he would buy that vacuum for us. - Future Continuous
He said: “I will be waiting for my friend”.
He said he would be waiting for his friend. - Future Perfect
Kate: “I will have finished my paper by tomorrow”.
Kate said that she would have finished her paper by the next day. - Future Perfect Continuous
Megan said: “By next week I will have been writing this letter for over two weeks”.
Megan said by the following week she would have been writing that letter for over two weeks.
¿Qué más cambia en voz indirecta?
Para poner las cosas un poco más difíciles, no basta con cambiar la hora. Varios otros elementos también necesitan ser cambiados. ¿Cuáles son estos elementos?
- Determinar el tiempo
two days/years ago ➜ two days/years before
today ➜ that day
now ➜ then
this month ➜ that month - Lugar
here ➜ there
in this place ➜ in that place - Pronombres
our ➜ their
my ➜ his/her
this ➜ that
these ➜ those - Verbos modales
can ➜ could
must ➜ had to
may ➜ might
shall ➜ should
En forma interrogativa
Adam aske: “What time is it?” | Adam asked what time it was. |
She asked: “When will you go?” | She asked when would I go. |
Carol asked me: „Do you like pop music?” | Carol asked me if I liked pop music. |
John asked: “Why did you leave?” | John asked me why I had left. |
He asked: “Where were they?” | He asked where they had been. |
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